Explain Polymorphism in Java and Its Types Polymorphism in Java allows objects to take on multiple forms. It's primarily of two types: compile-time (achieved through method overloading) and runtime (through method overriding).
Differentiate between Overloading and Overriding Overloading occurs when two or more methods in the same class have the same name but different parameters. Overriding means a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already present in its superclass.
Discuss the Working of the JVM Garbage Collector JVM's garbage collector automatically manages memory by deleting objects that are no longer referenced in the program, thus preventing memory leaks.
What Are Design Patterns in Java? Give Examples Design patterns are best practices for solving common design problems. Examples include Singleton, Observer, Factory, and Decorator patterns.
Explain Java Memory Model and Its Significance The Java Memory Model specifies how threads interact through memory and how data is synchronized. It's crucial for developing concurrent applications.
Describe Synchronization in Java Synchronization in Java is a mechanism that ensures that only one thread can access a resource at a time, essential for thread safety.
What Is Java Stream API? Java Stream API, introduced in Java 8, allows functional-style operations on streams of elements, such as map-reduce transformations.
Discuss Exception Handling in Java Exception handling in Java is managed via try-catch blocks, ensuring that program flow is maintained even when errors occur.
Explain Java Reflection API The Java Reflection API allows inspection and manipulation of classes, interfaces, fields, and methods at runtime.
What Are Java Generics and Why Are They Used? Java Generics enable types (classes and interfaces) to be parameters when defining classes, interfaces, and methods, enhancing type safety and reducing bugs.
Discuss Java 8 Functional Interfaces Functional interfaces in Java 8 are interfaces with just one abstract method, like
Predicate<T>,Function<T,R>, andConsumer<T>.How Does Java Achieve Platform Independence? Java achieves platform independence through its bytecode, which can be executed on any system with a JVM.
Explain the Concept of Classloaders in Java Classloaders in Java are responsible for dynamically loading classes at runtime.
What Is the Difference Between JDK, JRE, and JVM? JDK is the Java Development Kit, JRE is the Java Runtime Environment, and JVM is the Java Virtual Machine. JDK includes JRE and development tools; JRE includes JVM and libraries.
Describe the Java Collections Framework The Java Collections Framework provides a set of interfaces and classes for storing and manipulating groups of data as collections.
Explain the Role of JavaBeans JavaBeans are reusable software components for Java that can be manipulated visually in a builder tool.
What Is Dependency Injection in Java? Dependency Injection in Java is a design pattern where an object receives its dependencies from an external source rather than creating them itself.
Discuss the Concept of Immutable Objects in Java Immutable objects in Java are objects whose state cannot be modified after creation, contributing to simpler, more reliable code.
Explain Multithreading in Java Multithreading in Java allows concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program to maximize CPU utilization.
What Is Java Serialization and Deserialization? Serialization is the process of converting an object into a byte stream, and deserialization is the reverse process.
Discuss Java Annotations and Their Usage Java annotations are a form of metadata that provide data about the program but do not change program actions.
Explain the Concept of Java Interfaces Java interfaces are abstract types that define a set of methods but do not implement them.
What Is Java Spring Framework? The Spring Framework is an application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform.
How Does Java Handle Memory Leaks? Java handles memory leaks primarily through garbage collection, but proper coding practices are necessary to avoid them.
Discuss Java 8 Lambdas and Their Impact Java 8 introduced lambdas, enabling functional programming by passing around behavior and enabling cleaner, more flexible code.
Explain the Role of the ‘final’ Keyword in Java The ‘final’ keyword in Java can be used to mark a variable as unchangeable, a method as non-overridable, or a class as non-inheritable.
What Are Java 8 Streams? Java 8 streams represent a sequence of elements supporting sequential and parallel aggregate operations.
Discuss the Working of Java JIT Compiler The Java JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler improves performance by compiling bytecode into native machine code at runtime.
Explain the Concept of Java Bytecode Java bytecode is the intermediate representation of Java code, which the JVM interprets or compiles to run the program.
What Is the Spring Boot Framework? Spring Boot simplifies the development of stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based applications.
Discuss Java Concurrency Utilities Java concurrency utilities in the
java.util.concurrentpackage help in developing scalable, thread-safe applications.Explain the Use of the ‘volatile’ Keyword in Java The ‘volatile’ keyword in Java ensures that changes to a variable are immediately visible to all threads.
What Is Java NIO? Java NIO (New I/O) is an alternative IO API for Java, offering a non-blocking, buffer-oriented approach to IO operations.
Discuss the Principle of SOLID in Java SOLID represents five principles of object-oriented programming and design: Single responsibility, Open/closed, Liskov substitution, Interface segregation, and Dependency inversion.
Explain Java Microservices Architecture Java microservices architecture involves developing a single application as a suite of small services, each running in its process.
What Is Aspect-Oriented Programming in Java? Aspect-oriented programming complements OOP by allowing separation of cross-cutting concerns.
Discuss Java’s Default Methods in Interfaces Java 8 introduced default methods in interfaces, allowing the addition of new methods without breaking existing implementations.
Explain the Java Optional Class The Java Optional class is a container object used to contain not-null objects, reducing the risk of
NullPointerException.What Is Java EE? Java EE (Enterprise Edition) is a set of specifications extending Java SE with specifications for enterprise features such as distributed computing and web services.
Discuss Java’s Automatic Resource Management (ARM) ARM, introduced in Java 7, is a feature that automatically manages resources like files and sockets, using the try-with-resources statement.
Explain the Differences Between Checked and Unchecked Exceptions Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time, while unchecked exceptions occur at runtime.
What Is a Java ClassLoader? A Java ClassLoader is a part of the Java Runtime Environment that dynamically loads Java classes into the JVM.
Discuss the Concept of Java Agents Java agents are components that can modify bytecode at load time, often used for profiling and monitoring applications.
Explain Java’s ConcurrentHashMap ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe collection class that allows concurrent read and write operations.
What Is the Java Persistence API (JPA)? JPA is a Java API specification for relational data management in applications using Java Platform, Standard Edition, and Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.
Discuss Java’s Type Erasure Mechanism Type erasure in Java Generics means that generic type information is removed during compilation for backward compatibility.
Explain Java’s Checked Exceptions Checked exceptions are exceptions that must be either caught or declared in the method signature.
What Is the Difference Between a Java Applet and a Java Application? Java applets are small applications designed to run in a web browser, whereas Java applications are stand-alone programs.
Discuss Java’s Executor Framework The Executor framework is a framework for standardizing invocation, scheduling, execution, and control of asynchronous tasks.
Explain Java’s Swing and AWT Swing and AWT are part of Java’s GUI component toolkit. Swing offers more sophisticated components than AWT and doesn't rely on the underlying operating system for its appearance.